General Description
Bromelain (also known as bromelin) is a mixture of proteolytic (protein
digesting) and milk-clotting enzymes derived from the pineapple
plant. The highest concentrations of bromelain are found in the
stem of the plant, while smaller amounts are present in the fresh
fruit. Canned pineapple does not contain bromelain, as the enzymes
are destroyed during processing. Bromelain is available as a dietary
supplement, usually in tablet or capsule form. The potency of bromelain
supplements is usually measured in gelatin digesting units (GDU)
although milk clotting units (MCU) are somtimes used. One GDU is
approximately equal to 1.6 MCU.1
Health Applications
- Inflammation
- Wound healing
- Digestive support
- Circulatory health
- Immune system support
Primary Uses
Commercially, bromelain is used as a meat tenderizer and as a
chill-proofing agent for beer, but it appears to have benefits
as a dietary supplement as well. Research indicates that bromelain
has antiinflammatory and analgesic properties, and that it may
aid wound healing. 2-5 Germany's Commission E has approved
bromelain for use in treatment of post-operative and post-traumatic
swelling, especially in the sinuses. 6 Bromelain inhibits
blood clotting, 7,8 which may make it useful for promoting
cardiovascular health, and preliminary studies on breast cancer
patients indicate that it may also exert antitumor activity.9,10
However, further studies are needed before bromelain's potential
in cancer treatment can be determined. Bromelain's ability to
break down proteins has also made it popular as a digestive aid.
Dosage/Toxicity
Dosage recommendations for bromelain vary with intended use and
product potency. Label information for bromelain supplements generally
includes an indication of enzyme activity as well as appropriate
dosage recommendations. Although bromelain has very low toxicity,
occasional side effects, including gastric disturbances and diarrhea,
have been reported.6 Because bromelain may increase
the activity of some drugs, such as anticoagulants and certain
antibiotics,6 people taking prescription medications
should consult a physician before taking bromelain supplements.
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